What is the influence of a previous skill on the current skill to be learned regardless of whether the influence is positive or negative?

The concept of proactive transfer refers to the influence that previously learned skills have on the acquisition of a new skill. In essence, it indicates that prior experiences, whether beneficial or detrimental, can shape how a new skill is learned and performed. When learners draw on past experiences, those experiences can either facilitate the learning of new skills—by providing a foundation of skill— or interfere with the process, creating challenges due to conflicting techniques or approaches.

For example, a golfer who has developed a strong grip in their swing may find that this grip helps them with power and consistency when playing. However, if they later attempt to learn a different grip for a specific type of shot, the established grip could create tension or confusion, thus negatively impacting the learning of the new skill.

This concept is essential in both teaching and coaching, as understanding proactive transfer allows instructors to tailor their teaching methods based on the learners' previous experiences, ensuring a more effective learning process.